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Critical race theorists such as Cheryl Harris [60] and George Lipsitz [61] have said that "whiteness" has historically been treated more as a form of property than as a racial characteristic: in other words, as an object which has intrinsic value that must be protected by social and legal institutions. Laws and mores concerning race — from apartheid and Jim Crow constructions that legally separate different races to social prejudices against interracial relationships or mixed communities — serve the purpose of retaining certain advantages and privileges for whites. Because of this, academic and societal ideas about race have tended to focus solely on the disadvantages suffered by racial minorities, overlooking the advantageous effects that accrue to whites. [62]
Just as you should not always expect people of color to take the lead on speaking out against racism, you also shouldn’t expect them to educate you on racism. While it’s OK to ask questions of those who have expressed a willingness to answer them, you have the power to educate yourself. Seek out books and articles on the topic written by people of color. Critically evaluate documentaries that surround topics like slavery, race, the U.S. prison system and more. We have more access to information created by people of color than ever before. Take advantage of it, and avoid burdening friends or coworkers of color with constant questions about their experiences. Educate fellow white people.Williams, Linda Faye (August 30, 2004). The Constraint of Race: Legacies of White Skin Privilege in America. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. p.429. ISBN 978-0-271-02535-3 . Retrieved July 18, 2008.
Jane Jeong Trenka (2009). Fugitive Visions: An Adoptee's Return to Korea. Graywolf Press. p.148. ISBN 978-1555975296. To adoptees, what is Western is always easier to see - Baskin-Robbins, Krispy Kreme, the American military, the English language, the fetishists so much more visible and happy here because everyone want to be loved, even if they have to use their white privilege to get it. Lozada, Carlos (June 18, 2020). "White fragility is real. But 'White Fragility' is flawed". The Washington Post . Retrieved March 18, 2021.Kowal, Emma (May 1, 2011). "The Stigma of White Privilege". Cultural Studies. 25 (3): 313–333. doi: 10.1080/09502386.2010.491159. S2CID 142845038. Eric Arnesen, an American labor historian, reviewed papers from a whiteness studies perspective published in his field in the 1990s, and found that the concept of whiteness was used so broadly during that time period that it was not useful. [13] Whiteness unspoken
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